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05/16/2012 |
LTE
In this page: The evolution of the Long Term Evolution (LTE). |
Evolution of GSM Technology
GSM origin: Europe
| Generation | 2G | 3G* | 4G | ||||||||
| Technology | GSM | GPRS | EDGE | WCDMA (UMTS) |
HSPA |
HSPA+ |
LTE |
LTE-Advanced | |||
| Theorical Maximum Data Rate (Downlink) |
14.4 Kbps | 171.2 Kbps | 473.6 Kbps | 2.0 Mbps | 14.4 Mbps | 21 Mbps | 28 Mbps | 42 Mbps | 84 Mbps | 100 Mbps |
1.0 Gbps |
| Theorical Maximum Data Rate (Uplink) | - | - | 473.6 Kbps | 474 Kbps | 5.76 Mbps | 7.2 Mbps | 11.5 Mbps | 11.5 Mbps | 23 Mbps | 50 Mbps |
0.5 Gbps |
| Average Data Rate (kbit/s) | 10-40 | 40-50 | 100-130 | 128-384 | 1-10 Mbps | - | - | - | |||
| Channelization (MHz) | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 100 |
Adoption of LTE in the world
LTE was adopted as the next technology by the main part of the cellular operators in the world, according to GSA:
85 LTE networks operated commercially in 41 countries
| Data | Networks | Total |
| Dec/09 | TeliaSonera (Sweden and Norway) | 2 |
| Jul/10 | MTS (Uzbekistan) | 3 |
| Aug/10 | Ucell (Uzbekistan) | 4 |
| Sep/10 | Aero 2 (Poland) MetroPCS (United States) Mobyland (Poland) Centernet (Poland) |
8 |
| Oct/10 | A1 Telekom (Austria) T-Mobile (Austria) |
10 |
| Nov/10 | TeleNor e Tele2 (Sweden) CSL (Hong Kong) TeleaSoner (Finland) |
14 |
| Dec/10 | Verizon Wireless (United States) Elisa (Finland) Telia Sonera (Denmark) EMT (Estonia) NTTDoCoMo (Japan) Vodafone (Germany) |
20 |
| Jan/11 | Gio Mobile (Niger) | 21 |
| Fev/11 | MTS (Armenia) | 22 |
| Apr/11 | Deutsche Telekom (Germany) Smart Communications (Philippines) |
24 |
| May/11 | Omnitel (Lithuania) | 25 |
| Jun/11 | M1 (Singapore) | 26 |
| Jul/11 | SK Telecom (South korea) LG U+ (South Korea) O2 (Telefonica) (Alemanha) Rogers Wireless (Canada) LMT (Letonia) Mosaic telecom (United States) |
32 |
| Sep/11 | AT&T (United States) Bell Mobility (Canada) Zain (Saudi Arabia) Mobily (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Telecom (Saudi Arabia) Telstra (Australia) |
38 |
| Oct/11 | TDC (Dinamarca) |
39 |
| Nov/11 | AT&T (Porto Rico) Hutchison (Austria) Q-TEL (Qatar) |
42 |
| Dec/11 | Telenor (Montenegro) Polkomtel (Poland) Sky (Brazil) Claro (Puerto Rico) Ancel (Uruguay) Leap Wireless (United States) Singtel Mobile (Singapura) Yota/scartel (Russia) DNA (Finaladia) Hl3G (Sweden) Etisalat (UAE - United Arab Emirates) UNE - EPM Telecomunicaciones (Colombia) Yota Bel (Belarus Rep.) Viva (Kuwait) K-Telecom/VivaCell-MTS (Armenia) |
57 |
| Jan/12 | Viva Bahrain (Bahrain Rep.) T-Mobile (Hungary) KT (South Korea) T-Mobile (Hungary) Vodafone (Portugal) |
61 |
| Feb/12 | Telus (Canada) People & Etex telephone Coop (United States) |
63 |
| Mar/12 | Softbank (Japan) TMN/Portugal telecom (Portugal) UKB/UK Broadband (United Kingdom) US Cellular (USA) eAccess/emobile (Japan) T-Mobile/Hrvatski Telecom (Croatia) VIPnet (Croatia) Panhandle Bonfire (USA) MobilTel/M-Tel (Bulgaria) Vodafone (Portugal) TMN (Portugal) Optimus Sonaecom (Portugal) |
75 |
| Apr/12 | Open Mobile (Puerto Rico) Movicel (Angola) Bharti Airtel (India) China Mobile (Hong Kong) InterDnestrCom (Republic of Moldova) MegaFon (Russia) |
81 |
| Mai/12 | Cellcom (USA) Pionner (USA) Hutchison 3/JV Gnius (Hong Kong) PCCW Mobile/JV Gnius (Hong Kong) |
85 |
- 319 operators in 97 countries are investing in LTE in March/2012. (GSA)
- 134 LTE networks will start to operate commercialy until the end of 2012 in 57 countries.(GSA)
- 7.5 million LET accesses in 2011, being 5.3 million (71%) in the United States/Canada. (4G americas).
| LTE in Latin America |
LTE tests are already been carried out by operators in Latin America, but the most of them are still waiting for a definition of which spectrum will be assigned for this technology.
One of the greatest challenges is that launched new frequency bands take time to reach the market. Other challenge is the attempt to adopt a unique frequency standard, in order to reduce the cost of equipments and terminals through scale gaining.
AT&T Mobility launched the first LTE network in Latin America
AT&T Mobility launched its LTE network in Porto Rico, in Nov/11, which was the first LTE network in Latin America.
Ericsson and Open Mobile annunced contracts for LTE
In Latin America, Ericsson and Open Mobile, Puerto Rican mobile operator, which plans to launch its LTE network in 2012 announced complete LTE contract, signed ny Ericsson in Latin America, according to the company.
TIM wants to postpone 4G in Brazil
TIM requested the delay of the 2,5GHZ frequency auction, that is equivalent to the spectrum that will be assigned to 4G. This request is related to many factors. The fact that operators are still receiving the return of the investments on the implementation of 3G, the fact that it's economically impracticable to invest in such expensive technology and that it's still new in many developed countries and besides, operators are interested in 700 MHz frequencies (currently used by analogic TV), which, for being lower, would demand a smaller quantity of installed antennas, resulting in a lower installation cost.
SKY launchs LTE network in Brazil
SKY's 4G broadband service is already available in Brasilia, the projection made by the company is expand its coverage to other cities in Brazil and in other Latin American countries, in the future. The network is supplied by Nokia Siemens that has three year contract with Sky. Sky informed that the service is offered through free Wi-Fi gratuito modem and will have two speed options: 2 Mbps (R$ 79.90) and 4 Mbps (R$ 99.90). The offer is reletad to the 2.5 GHz Band, where Sky has MMDS license.
Claro launched LTE in Puorto Rico
Claro launched the technology in Puerto Rico, in Dez/2011. The offer is made through the 700 MHz band.
Ancel launched its LTE network in Dec/2011
The offer is made through the 1.7/2.1 GHz band.
Anatel set the auction of 2.5GHz in January 2012
As requested by the communication minister, Paulo Bernardo, Anatel plans to anticipate the auction of the 2.5 GHz band, which was before established to take place in Jul/2012.
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| LTE in the United States |
MetroPCS starts to operate before Verizon
MetroPCS started to operate its LTE network in Sep/10. LTE networks in the United States are implemented in the frequency 700 MHz using the bands that were set free after the end of analogic transmissions. Verizon and AT&T acquired the biggest part of this spectrum.
MetroPCS and Verizon, have CDMA/EVDO network, and the adoption of LTE is an important step to unify the technologies used by the mobile carriers in the United States. LTE may be used initially to relieve data traffic inside the surrent networks that will continue to operate all the voice traffic.
Verizon starts its operation in December 2010
Verizon Wireless announced the beginning of operations in its LTE network in 38 metropolitan areasand and 60 airports, covering 110 million inhabitants.
Verizon Wireless wants to offer average data speeds from 5 to 12 Mbps in downlink and 2 to 5 Mbps in uplink through LTE.
On September 18th 2011, AT&T launched LTE services in five cities of the United States: Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, San Antonio and Chicago. The operator expects to cover other 10 cities by the end of the year.
Clearwire, which uses wiMAX, is carrying out tests in LTE TDD and FDD systems and will be soon migrate to LTE. It has gotten great results, reaching download rate of 50 Mbps using 10 MHz channels to uplink and downlink. This speed hits 90 Mbps when 20 MHz channels is used. |
Spectrum
LTE implementation can use a new spectrum:
- 70MHz or 800MHz, frequency bands set free after the end of analogic TV transmissions for Digital TV, as happened in the United States.
- 2.6 GHZ that will be used by operators in Europe and Brazil.
- Or even in refarmed spectrum, including 1800MHz band, which is win among a number of network operators.
Categories of LTE equipments
| Categories | 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Data rate peak (Mbit/s) |
DL | 10 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 300 |
| UL | 5 | 25 | 50 | 50 | 75 | |
| Band width | 20MHz | |||||
| Modulation | DL | QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM | ||||
| UL | 16QAM, 64QAM | QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM |
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| 2x2 MIMO | Doesn't support | Mandatory | ||||
| 4x4 MIMO | Doesn't support | Mandatory | ||||


